Chapter 15 Hydrocarbons

Description

45-slide, detailed A Level Chemistry PowerPoint for Chapter 15: Hydrocarbons The PowerPoint includes • Crude oil, fractions and hydrocarbon uses • Alkanes: structure, sp³ hybridisation and general formula • Detailed explanation of why alkanes are relatively unreactive • Complete vs incomplete combustion with equation activities • Vehicle pollutants and catalytic converters • Free-radical substitution, separated clearly into: • Cracking, conditions, industrial importance and equation practice • Alkenes, sp² hybridisation, σ/π bonding and reactivity • Addition of H₂, HX, halogens and steam • Bromine-water test • Electrophilic addition mechanisms • Carbocation stability and positive inductive effect • Cold vs hot acidified KMnO₄ oxidation • Structure-deduction activities using oxidative cleavage • Addition polymerisation • Monomer ↔ repeat-unit exam technique • Poly(ethene), poly(propene) and PVC • Plastic disposal, recycling and incineration • Mechanism comparison tables • Misconception clinic • Two extended exam-practice sections • Model-answer language • Exit ticket and self-evaluation Embedded simulations and practical links